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Neamt Citadel was built at the end of the 16^th century by Petru I. Neamt Citadel was part of the defensive system of  Moldova, that had at least 3 citadels, Suceava and Scheia which along with Neamt had a special importance. The first reference to Neamt Citadel dates from 1395. The citadel resisted in 1395 under Stefan Musat to the attack of Sigismund of Luxembourg and in 1476 under the ruling of Stefan the Great rejected the attack of Mahomed the 2^nd. It had an important role also after the ruling of Stefan the Great in the defensive system of Moldova , in the times of Bogdan the 3^rd, Stefanita and Petru Rares.

In 1691 the citadel resists 4 days to the Polish attack ruled by Ioan Sobieski, and in 1718, as a result of the order of the Turkeys the citadel is destroyed by Mihail Racovita.

The preoccupation of maintaining the resistance of this amazing citadel appeared in the 19^th century, so that in 1834 it was forbidden taking rocks from it and in 1866 it was declared historic monument, following that in 1962-1970 to be consolidated and partially restored  and in 1992 to be made the consolidation works of the walls.