Cetăţi

Mikó Citadel

Mikó Citadel

The Mikó Citadel is situated in the administrative old centre of the Miercurea-Ciuc town, on the territory of the village that used to be here, „Mártonfalva ”. The citadel was built by count Hidvégi Mikó Ferenc, between 1623 and 1631, in the neo-renascent style. The count was the supreme captain of the Ciuc Throne, Gheorgheni and Casini, also member in the Transylvania council and the personal counselor of the principle Bethlen Gábor. Beeing a border citadel it had an important role in defending Transylvania, against the enemies, that were getting in the country on Ghimes passage.

 
Neamt Citadel

Neamt Citadel

Neamt Citadel was built at the end of the 16th century by Petru I. Neamt Citadel was part of the defensive system of  Moldova, that had at least 3 citadels, Suceava and Scheia which along with Neamt had a special importance. The first reference to Neamt Citadel dates from 1395. The citadel resisted in 1395 under Stefan Musat to the attack of Sigismund of Luxembourg and in 1476 under the ruling of Stefan the Great rejected the attack of Mahomed the 2nd. It had an important role also after the ruling of Stefan the Great in the defensive system of Moldova , in the times of Bogdan the 3rd, Stefanita and Petru Rares.

In 1691 the citadel resists 4 days to the Polish attack ruled by Ioan Sobieski, and in 1718, as a result of the order of the Turkeys the citadel is destroyed by Mihail Racovita.

 
Oradea Citadel

Oradea Citadel

The founding of the Oradea Citadel has to do with the Hungarian King Ladislau. In 1241 it conqered and set on fire by the tartars, but as a result of the Lyon council, the catholic states decide to rebuild it because of the Tartar threatening. In the 14th century it is built the second medieval citadel having a heptagonal shape, with irregular towers and the gate was protected by 2 massive towers. It was also built an Episcopal palace of which exterior wall was also an interior wall, and on its South-Eastern side there was a second entrance in the citadel.

 
Păcuiul lui Soare Citadel

Păcuiul lui Soare Citadel

Pacuiului lui Soare Citadel was built between 972 and 976 by the the emperor Ioan Tzimiskes troupes. The citadel had the role of a naval centre, as a consequence of its position on an old passage, called Dervent, being a strong bastion on the frontier of Downside Danube. The initial destination of the citadel maintained only for a short period, because ten years after the death of the emperor Ioan Tzimiskes, the Bulgarians start a revolt and get the possession of the most important lost territories in 971. Therefore the citadel loses its military character.

 
Poienari Citadel

Poienari Citadel

Poienari Citadel is situated in Capatenii Pamanteni village (Arefule commune) close to Vidraru lake, being situated on the top of a mountain on an altitude of 850 meters. It was part of the fortification system, destianated to defend the Northern borders of Tara Romaneasca. The road to the citadel is made through a beech forest, climbing 1490 cement stairs. In the 13th century on the place where the citadel lies now there was only a tower made of brown stone, following that in the 16th century the surface of the fortification to include the entire top of the clif with thick walls made of broken stone, being filled with bricks in their superior parts.

 
Rasnov Citadel

Rasnov Citadel

Rasnov Citadel is a peasant citadel built in the Middle Ages by the residents, having the purpose of a refugee Rasnov Citadel was also called “Peasent Citadel” because the main occupation of the builders was agriculture. The decision to build a citadel was taken as a result of the Tartar invasion in 1241, when Tara Barsei, territory that includes Rasnov, was devastated by the invaders. The population had to find a shelter in the citadel for many times, so that the history of the citadel became the history of the town. It was built by the collective efforts of the inhabitants helped by the ones from the close towns, Cristian and Vulcan. The first mentioning of the citadel appears in 1335 when as it is said Tara Barsei was destroyed by the Tartar armies, the only settlements that survived to the disaster were the citadel from Tampa Hill in Brasov and Rasnov Citadel.

 
Rupea Citadel

Rupea Citadel

Rupea Citadel was built on the settlement that used to belong to the Dacian population, Rumidava, on Cohalmului hill, between the 14th and the 17th centuries, serving as a refugee place to the villages around, against the attacks that were coming from the South. The citadel was documentary attested at the beginning of the 14th century as a result of sheltering  here the Sachs that started a revolt against the Hungarian King, Carol Robert of Anjou. It was also mentioned many times because of its commercial and handcrafting  importance.

 
Siria Citadel

Siria Citadel

Siria Citadel dates from the 13th century, the part being considered to be the oldest was the donjon, and the rest of the walls were added, step by step, until the 16th century. In 1331 the citadel had an important garrison leaded by a castellan. On the building of the old parts of the citadel there were also used roman bricks, having the sign of the 13th Legion Gemina. The citadel is also known because of the Romanian voivodes and leaders that had an important ruling role in this citadel. A document from 1440 mentions Stefan Voda from Siria, following in the following years to be mentioned voivodes from Arăneag, Cladova, Căpâlna, Ciuci, Crişul Alb, Hălmagiu, Ribiţa.

 
Soimos Citadel

Soimos Citadel

Soimos Citadel is situated on the right shore of Mures, close to Lipova village, being lying on the Cioaca Tautului hill. It was probably built after the first Tartar invasions. From a document from 1278 it is mentioned that the citadel was built by Pál, who donates the citadel called “Castrum Somos” to the sons of his brother. The citadel was the possession of many members of his family, following in the 14th century to go back in the possession of the voivode Ladislau Kán the second, who owned it through two subalterns, who were commits of Arad. In 1310 Ladislau Kán al II-lea also chose Alexander as a castellan and in the following year, Dominic.

 
Targu Mures Citadel

Targu Mures Citadel

On the place of this citadel there was the Citadel-Castle built in 1492 by the voivode  Báthory István, that was destroyed in 1601 as a result of the Turkish-Tartar invasion. In 1602 the reconstruction of the old citadel  started under the rulling of Borsos Tamás. The result of them, that lasted until 1652 was the citadel that had a pentagonal shape , having 7 bastions . They were connected between by walls, that were about 10 meters high. They were built on 3-4 levels, daubed on the outside and ornated on the inside . The levels of the bastions lie on wooden girders, the connection between them being made on the outside, directly or in the sentinel way , or wodden stairs. The citadel was enconjoured by a ditch that was 10 meters width and 8 meters deep, following to be covered on the beginning of the 20th century.

 

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